Ladies and Gentlemen:
Welcome to the Great Wall. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yale River in Leaning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces——Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu and two autonomous regions——Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.
Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. Walls, then, was built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368——1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.
The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.
The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven".
There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers
【扩展阅读篇】
一篇完整的导游词，其结构一般包括习惯用语、概括介绍、重点讲解三个部分。
1.习惯用语
习惯用语又分为两个部分——见面时的开头语和离别时的告别语。
开头语包括问候语、欢迎语、介绍语、游览注意事项和对游客的希望五个方面，放在导游词的最前面。
a、开头语
(1)介绍自己和旅行社
(2)介绍司机和车型、车号
(3)介绍旅游时间、地点和形成安排
(4)表示欢迎。
b、告别语
(1)总结旅游情况
(2)感谢游客配合
(3)希望提出意见
(4)表示依依惜别
2.概括介绍
概括介绍是用概述法介绍旅游景点的位置、范围、地位、意义、历史、现状和发展前景等，目的`是帮助旅游者对景点先有个总体了解，引起游览兴趣，犹如“未成曲调先有情”。
概括介绍应根据时间和游客情况，可长可短，可详可略(可根据需求所变)。
3.重点讲解
重点讲解是对旅游线路上的重点景观从景点成因、历史传说、文化背景、审美功能等方面进行详细的讲解，使旅游者对旅游目的地有一个全面、正确的了解，同时要提醒旅游者注意自己携带的东西，保管好自己随身的物品，这是导游词最重要的组成部分。
功能
1.引导游客鉴赏
导游词的宗旨是通过对旅游景观绘声绘色地讲解、指点、评说，帮助旅游者欣赏景观，以达到游览的最佳效果。
2.传播文化知识
传统文化知识即向游客介绍有关旅游胜地的历史典故、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗、古迹名胜、风景特色，使游客增长知识。
3.陶冶游客情操
导游词的语言应具有言之有理、有物、有情、有神等特点。通过语言艺术和技巧，给游客勾画出一幅幅立体的图画，构成生动的视觉形象，把旅游者引入一种特定的意境，从而达到陶冶情操的目的。
此外，导游词通过对旅游地出产物品的说明、讲解，客观上起到向游客介绍商品的作用。
编辑本段特点
其主要特点是口语化些，此外还具有知识性、文学性、礼节性等。和蔼，亲切，自然轻松
编辑本段易出现的问题
1. 缺乏鲜明主题和观点
2. 内容太单薄。
3. 结构层次不清楚，逻辑性不强，条理不清晰。
4. 导游词不是散文，书面语太重介绍，口语化注意不够;
5. 应该有自我介绍以及导游惯用语，同时要注意与游客进行交流，尽量有互动节目。
6. 没有处理好“景”与“事”的关系，讲故事或者事理往往游离景点内容。
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