tion and grammar, like whether it gets communicated in the right language.”
“所以他们都很关心和担心的问题是最终对该论文有什么要求，例如这篇文章要写多少页或者说是否需要用第二或第三语言来写，还有标点啊语法啊，例如是否用适当的语言来交流。”
“And so focusing on the end makes it really hard to get started.”
“所以往往太关注最终结果而导致很难开始。”
Another problem can arise when the need to do well on a paper is extremely important.
尤其是在当写好某一篇文章特别重要时，就会产生另一个问题。
“…like a timed essay exam, or a college application essay, or a research paper that is at the end of the semester, and it’s tied to the entire grade for the class. So worrying about what will happen if they don’t do well – get bad grades, don’t get into college -- creates, of course, significant anxiety. And that can make it harder to get the writing done.”
“……就像一个限制时间的作文考试，或大学申请论文，或学期结束时的研究报告，它会和整年的课程紧密相连。所以如果写的不好，大家就会担心会发生什么，害怕会得低分，担心会因此无法进入大学，这当然会引起大家的严重焦虑，这就会使得你很难完成论文。”
Then she and the people she’s helping move to more positive projects. She says usually when writing comes easily, the writers feel they have something important to say.
然后她和她所帮助的人转换到了更积极的计划中。她称，通常写作变得很容易时，往往是作者感觉自己有重要的事情要说时。
The teacher advises asking yourself questions. What personal understanding of the subject can you bring to your paper? Why is this subject important? For whom is it meaningful? Who will be reading it?
该老师建议大家问自己问题，例如，你可对你的论文主题有着怎样的理解？这个主题有什么重要意义？这个主题会对谁有意义？谁会去读这篇文章？
“…Think about who your audience is, and what it is that you really want to say to them. And what that can do is help you switch from the final product and what it can look like (to) really more on what you have to offer, your particular perspective.”
“……你要考虑自己的读者会是谁，你真正想对他们说的是什么，这样就可以让你从对论文成文后的思考上转移到思考你所想要表达的特定观点上。”
She says that is an important change for all writers.
她称，这对于所有的作家来说都是一个重要的变化。
And that’s the VOA Learning English Education Report. Coming soon: Jennifer Ahern-Dodson talks about doing research, sitting down to write and sharing your writing with others【网络综合 - 英语听力】
英语听力频道为大家整理的VOA慢速英语: 写作技巧。更多阅读请查看本站英语听力频道。
[page]参考译文[/page]
Tips for Better Writing
写作技巧
From VOA Learning English, this is the Education Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。
Today we continue our series of expert suggestions for academic writing. Our guest is Jennifer Ahern-Dodson, assistant professor of the Practice in Writing Studies at Duke University in North Carolina.
今天我们来继续我们的专家学术写作系列建议。我们今天的特邀嘉宾是詹妮弗·埃亨—多德森，她是北卡罗纳州杜克大学的写作实践研究张助理教授。
Ms. Ahern-Dodson starts a conversation with both students and professors planning to write a paper or essay. She asks about their earlier writing experiences. Were they negative or positive?
埃亨—多德森与计划写一篇论文的师生们开始了一段对话。她问到他们的早期写作经验，他们是消极的还是积极地？
She advises that you are not alone if you have had problems with your writing. She says everyone struggles with writing.
她讲到，如果你在写作上遇到什么问题的.话，这很正常，你并不孤单，每个人多面临着或多或少的写作问题。
“Writing is hard. All writers struggle at some point. And even if writing has come easily for you, at some point in your work as a student, that eventually you’re going to hit a roadblock. And so part of what I like to get folks thinking about is -- besides writing’s hard for everybody – is to really take a moment to think about their past writing experiences. And when the writing is going well, what was happening? When the writing wasn’t going well, what was happening?”
“写作是很困难，所有的作家在某一时刻都有过写作上的挣扎，即使在你作为学生的某个时刻，写作对于你来说很容易，最终你也会遇到障碍。因此我喜欢让人们去思考的部分就是，除去写作的困难之外，花点时间去思考自己过去的写作经验。当写作顺利进行时，是怎么个情况？当写作遇到阻碍时，发生了什么？”
She says most people’s negative writing experiences happened because a very specific formula is required for a paper including an exact length.
她称很多人有负面写作经验是因为某一篇文章所需要的特定的格式，包括确切长度。
“And so they primarily focus on, and worry about, what the final product has to look like, like how many pages for a research essay? Or if it is in the second or third language, you know, punctuat.
I’m Jeri Watson.
这就是本期的美国之音慢速英语教育报道的全部内容，即将来临的报道是：埃亨-多德森谈论如何做研究，坐下来写作和与他人分享你的写作经验。我是杰瑞·沃森。
[page]听力原文[/page]
Tips for Better Writing
From VOA Learning English, this is the Education Report.
Today we continue our series of expert suggestions for academic writing. Our guest is Jennifer Ahern-Dodson, assistant professor of the Practice in Writing Studies at Duke University in North Carolina.
Ms. Ahern-Dodson starts a conversation with both students and professors planning to write a paper or essay. She asks about their earlier writing experiences. Were they negative or positive?
She advises that you are not alone if you have had problems with your writing. She says everyone struggles with writing.
“Writing is hard. All writers struggle at some point. And even if writing has come easily for you, at some point in your work as a student, that eventually you’re going to hit a roadblock. And so part of what I like to get folks thinking about is -- besides writing’s hard for everybody – is to really take a moment to think about their past writing experiences. And when the writing is going well, what was happening? When the writing wasn’t going well, what was happening?”
She says most people’s negative writing experiences happened because a very specific formula is required for a paper including an exact length.
“And so they primarily focus on, and worry about, what the final product has to look like, like how many pages for a research essay? Or if it is in the second or third language, you know, punctuation and grammar, like whether it gets communicated in the right language.
“And so focusing on the end makes it really hard to get started.”
Another problem can arise when the need to do well on a paper is extremely important.
“…like a timed essay exam, or a college application essay, or a research paper that is at the end of the semester, and it’s tied to the entire grade for the class.So worrying about what will happen if they don’t do well – get bad grades, don’t get into college -- creates, of course, significant anxiety. And that can make it harder to get the writing done.”
Then she and the people she’s helping move to more positive projects. She says usually when writing comes easily, the writers feel they have something important to say.
The teacher advises asking yourself questions. What personal understanding of the subject can you bring to your paper? Why is this subject important? For whom is it meaningful? Who will be reading it?
“…Think about who your audience is, and what it is that you really want to say to them. And what that can do is help you switch from the final product and what it can look like (to) really more on what you have to offer, your particular perspective.”
She says that is an important change for all writers.
And that’s the VOA Learning English Education Report. Coming soon: Jennifer Ahern-Dodson talks about doing research, sitting down to write and sharing your writing with others.
I’m Jeri Watson.
Words in this Story
conversation - n. an informal talk involving two people or a group of people
experiences - n. the processes of doing and seeing things and having things happen to you
negative - adj. unpleasant, unproductive
positive - n. pleasant, productive
hit a roadblock - idiom, encountering a situation that blocks one’s progress
audience - n. the people who watch, read, or listen to something
perspective - n. the way you view something; point of view
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